Hypertension refers to a number of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is manifested by regular high blood pressure in men (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and more). Disease is a common problem of mankind.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions in which hypertension manifests are absolutely versatile:
- accommodations;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- developmental pathology;
- Diabetes;
- high cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Pathology symptoms
Very often, the first signs of hypertension do not arouse suspicion, since these are the consequences of ordinary fatigue and overwork. But if you experience a regular manifestation of symptoms, and when measuring the pressure it is constantly high, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and encircles the head), which can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain in the region of the heart, with experiences and stress;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling of anxiety;
- pulsating sensation in the head;
- overwork.
With the progression of the disease, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive patient manifests excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands and memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a hypertensive patient. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or stopping medication.
Hypertensive patients during exacerbation experience the following condition:
- feeling of nausea (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkening of the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- facial flushing.
Diagnostic
| Basic diagnostic methods | The description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After a few time intervals, the cuff is inflated and the portable device fixes the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine analysis | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose, shows the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An ophthalmologist performs an eye exam. At the initial stage of the disease, the retinal veins expand and the arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | With an increase in pressure, the nephrons, the blood filter, die in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors of the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Treatment of pathology
During treatment, patients should lead a calm life, free from stress and emotional overload. Patients need to spend more time outdoors, it is better to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to follow a diet, as good nutrition is the key to successful treatment of high blood pressure.
Medical
The treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, monotherapy and combination therapy are appropriate. When ineffective, I use low doses of antihypertensive combinations.
Drug therapy for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after studying the diagnostic results. In case of hypertension, treatment is carried out with such drugs as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed to patients with cardiovascular problems. In order to prevent cardiac complications, these are the best means, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long time, since the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists lead to a long-term effect. These drugs gradually normalize blood pressure.
- Administration of calcium blockers with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium from the vessels, as a result, they expand and the pressure decreases.
Folk remedies
- Beet. Beet juice should be consumed 3 times for 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated with this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment continues.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons must be chopped in a meat grinder. Porridge is poured 1. 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before bedtime (3 weeks).
- Cranberry and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal plants are used as a non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, clover calendula. Decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
The treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. Therefore, there are dietary recommendations. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. From the diet you need to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream. Instead of animal fats, you should choose vegetable fats. A simpler diet is recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Dieting and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as the harmful health effects of sodium.
The main rule if high blood pressure appears and is discovered is simple - you need to consult a doctor, because a hypertensive person should be treated under his control.
What is dangerous?
Causes a central nervous system disorder:
- headache;
- decrease in working capacity;
- stroke.
Causes disorders in internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a large load, the heart begins to increase like a muscle, and the vessels do not grow, the supply of oxygen is interrupted, while the working force does not change, an overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small ones).
- Violation of sexual function (in men it occurs due to the intermittent supply of blood to the penis, which can cause blockage of the arteries supplying it).
Hypertension leads to a number of additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension leads to serious consequences that make it more difficult to treat the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases dramatically with high blood pressure. The more the hypertension progresses, the more serious the deviation becomes.